The global energy flows graphic posted above shows 341 watts/square meter coming in, with 102 going out as reflected solar radiation, and another 239 going out as long wave radiation. that would seem to be a balance.
It shows some transfer and moving around of energy, of course, but add up the outgo and the income, and they balance.
Obviously, if more energy is being radiated out into space than is coming from the sun, then the temperature of the Earth would have to be decreasing.
So, let's see if other sources show a balance:
Here's what those climate scientists at NASA say about the balance of energy:
So, they understand that the heat going out has to balance the heat going in.
Of course, a lot of energy is involved, so even a very small imbalance would lead to warming/cooling, depending on the direction.
It would be quite surprising if the scientists at NASA didn't understand the laws of thermodynamics you've mentioned, and actually believed that energy was somehow produced that didn't come from the sun.
But, it seems that they do believe that there has to be a balance, and the chart you've posted shows a balance, and NASA's publication shows a balance.
Now, regarding your heater analogy, of course no amount of reflectors is going to make the heater produce more, however:
If the room is better insulated, more of the heat is going t ostay on the room, isn't it?
and if you did put reflectors around, more of the heat would stay in the room wouldn't it?
Obviously, if you put a heater in a tent, it's not going to be as warm as if you put one in a well insulated room of the same size.
I'm not sure just what your analogy is supposed to show.
