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Canaan (IPA pronunciation: [ˈkeɪnən], Canaanite: כנען, Hebrew: כנען , Greek: Χαναάν whence Latin Canaan; and from Hebrew, Aramaic ܟܢܥܢ, whence Arabic کنعان). Etymology from "low" applied to the coast as the "lowlands" and by extension to the neighboring region.[2] It is an ancient term for a region approximating to present-day Israel and the West Bank and Gaza, plus adjoining coastal lands and parts of Lebanon and Syria. The Hebrew Bible identifies Canaan with Lebanon — foremost with the coastal city of Sidon — but extends the "Land of Canaan" southward across Gaza to the "Brook of Egypt" and eastward to the Jordan Valley, thus including modern Israel with the Palestinian Territories. This southern area included various ethnic groups. The Amarna Letters found in Ancient Egypt mention Canaan (Akkadian: Kinaḫḫu) in connection with Gaza and other cities along the Phoenician coast and into Upper Galilee. Many earlier Egyptian sources also make mention of numerous campaigns conducted in Ka-na-na, just inside Asia.


Various Canaanite sites have been excavated by archaeologists, most notably the Canaanite town of Ugarit in modern Syria, which was rediscovered in 1928. Much of the modern knowledge about the Canaanites stems from excavation in this area. Canaanites spoke a Semitic language closely related to Hebrew, and are mentioned in the Bible, Mesopotamian and Ancient Egyptian texts. They have always normally been considered an ethnic group centered in Lebanon[1][2][verification needed] ; though some recent sources, without specifying any physical evidence, have asserted an origin on the Arabian Peninsula[3][verification needed],[4] a hypothesis that was also popular at the time of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.


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